Geography Class 12th Important Questions Chapter 12 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

Geography Class 12th Important Questions Chapter 12 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

Class 12th Geography chapter 12th (Some Issues and Problems Selected in Geographical Perspectives) Term- 2 & Book 2nd Important questions

Question 1. Discuss some selected issues and problems in geographical perspective?

Answer.

• The problem of rural urban migration

• the problem of slums

• problem of land degradation

• urban waste problem

• pollution problem

Question 2. What are the major problems of cities in developing countries?

Answer.

• population explosion problem

• waste disposal problem

• slum problem

Question 3. Which religious and cultural activities are responsible for pollution?

Answer.

• Tourism

• religious fair

• pilgrimage and religious rituals

• burning the body of the deceased or submerging it in water

• throwing religious waste into the water

Question 4. Why is urban waste disposal a serious problem in India?

Answer.

Urban areas are mostly overcrowded, overcrowded and rapidly growing population and insufficient facilities and as a result poor sanitation conditions, there are many problems of solid waste disposal, due to lack of solid waste disposal, the environment is also polluted. It is also a problem that a large amount of ash or debris from factories, power stations and building construction is not disposed of completely, due to lack of adequate awareness, recycling is not done.

Question 5. What is meant by the problem of land degradation? Describe the reasons for this?

Answer.

• Land degradation refers to the reduction of land productivity either permanently or temporarily.

• Fertilizer capacity of the land is decreasing

• Productivity decreases due to land degradation

• Major causes of land degradation

Soil - due to erosion -

Due to wind or water, the top surface of the soil moves from one place to another, which is called soil-erosion.

Soil erosion is an important cause of land degradation.

Due to industrial waste –

Waste generated by industries contaminates water

And then irrigation done with contaminated water destroys the properties of the soil.

Due to urban waste

The garbage from the cities degrades the land

The waste from the cities is thrown into the water

Due to which toxic chemical substances are mixed in the water which pollute the soil.

Due to acid rain-

Sulfur emitted from factories is the cause of acid rain, it increases acidity in the soil, huge amounts of pollution from coal mines, motor vehicles, thermal power houses pollute the soil and air

due to mining

Mining especially open mining is an important reason for land degradation.

Question 6. What are the problems of slums in India? explain?

Answer.

The people living in these slums mostly migrate from rural backward areas and come in search of employment. These settlements are settled by illegal occupation on railway line, roadside, park or other vacant government land, where there is open air, clean drinking water, There is lack of defecation facilities, lighting, due to low wages of the people living here, the standard of living is very low. lack of medical facilities

Question 7. Mention the measures to reduce or prevent land degradation?

Answer.

• Farmers should use chemical fertilizers in proper quantity

• Urban and industrial waste water to be treated and reused

• Rotten street vegetables and fruits, animal feces and urine should be converted into valuable manure by proper technology.

• Ban on plastic items

• Garbage should be dumped at a fixed place so that it can be disposed of

• more trees should be planted

Question 8. What is air pollution? What is its main source? What is the effect of air pollution on human health?

Answer.

• The air gets polluted due to the gases emitted from vehicles and factories.

• Human activities are the main reason for this.

• The air gets polluted due to the growth of contaminants like dust, smoke, gas, mist, foul odor and vapour.

major sources of air pollution

coal burning

combustion of petrol and diesel

industrial process

solid waste disposal

 

Effects of air pollution on human health

Air pollution causes various diseases related to respiratory system, nervous system and blood circulatory system.

A smoky fog covers the cities, it is very harmful for human health.

It can also cause acid rain which is very harmful to health.

Question 9. On the basis of the process of land degradation, in how many classes the degraded land can be kept? Tell me about each?

Answer.

The process of land degradation can be classified into two categories.

1- Land degradation by human activities

Exploitation of land, cutting of forests, overgrazing, excessive mining

 

2- Land degradation due to natural causes

Soil erosion, water logging, steep slopes, landslides etc.

NCERT Solutions class 12 Geography Chapter 12 - Selected Issues and Problems in Geographical Perspective

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Geography from class 12th Chapter 12 Geographical Perspective will provide answers to important questions on selected topics and problems. This chapter will help you to learn the basics and you should expect at least one question in your exam from this chapter.

We have given answers to all the questions of Geography in NCERT Board Textbooks in very easy language, which will be very easy for the students to understand and remember so that you can pass your exam with good marks.

CBSE Class 12 Geography Important Questions

Q-1 Mention the major factors responsible for water pollution?

Answer- The factors responsible for water pollution can be placed in two categories:- (1) Factors:- Uncultivated waste from industries, religious rituals and customs, (2) Natural factors:- Landslides, mud or debris retention, fauna dead remains of

Q-2 Which are the major industries responsible for the pollution of rivers?

Answer- Leather industry, paper and pulp industry, textile industry, chemical industry.

  

Q-3 What are the major diseases caused by water pollution? 

Answer – Diarrhea, hepatitis, intestinal worms.

  

Q-4 Which factors are mainly responsible for air pollution?

Answer- (1) Smoke emanating from the burning of fossil fuels. (2) Mining and Industry.

  

Q-5 What are the major pollutant elements that pollute the air?

Answer – Sulfur oxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, glass, asbestos, dust particles etc.

Q-6 What are the major diseases caused by air pollution?

Answer- (1) Respiratory disease like asthma, Asthma (2) Nervous system disease

  

Q-7 What is meant by acid rain?

Answer- Due to air pollution, unwanted elements present in the atmosphere come down in the rain water, due to which acidic substances are more, it is called acid rain. It is injurious to health. 

Q-8 Which cities contribute the most in making the Ganges and Yamuna rivers dirty?

Answer- (A) Main cities polluting the Ganges River:- Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna and Calcutta. (In the same order) (B) Yamuna River:- Main polluting cities Delhi Apart from this Mathura and Agra are also domestic in Yamuna. and industrial waste.

Q-9 What is the unit for measuring noise pollutant?

Answer: Decibel.

Q-10 What is meant by smoke fog?

Answer- When the smoke and dust particles present in the atmosphere get mixed in the normally formed fog, then it is called smoke fog, it is very harmful for health.

Question for three marks:-

Q-11 The problem of waste disposal is taking a formidable form in the cities. Describe the main three facts related to this problem?

Answer- The major problems related to waste disposal in cities are as follows:- (1) Problem of segregation of waste:- Still all types of solid waste are collected together in cities such as metal-glass, vegetable peels, paper etc. . This makes it difficult to dispose of them properly. (2) The problem of landfill: - In the metropolis, the lack of space for dumping the garbage is being felt. (3) Problem of Recycling: - Due to segregation and lack of adequate awareness, the waste is not recycled. (4) Problem of leeches, stink and disease caused by garbage.

Q-12 What are the major problems of cities in developing countries? Clarify?

Answer- (1) Problem of waste disposal (2) Problem of population explosion (3) Problem of slum settlements (Expand all three points).

Q-13 What is meant by slum settlements? What kind of problems do these settlements suffer from? Briefly tell?

Answer- Slum settlements refer to those settlements where housing is very small (in which there is no separate arrangement for married and unmarried members of the family). There is lack of cleanliness, clean environment and basic facilities here.

problems

Physical problems: - In these settlements there is no proper arrangement of clean water, open environment water drainage etc. The houses of these settlements are small in which there is no proper arrangement of toilets, kitchen and rooms. Migrants from other states are forced to live here due to poverty. Social problems: - Due to lack of facilities and poverty, many problems of termination arise in these areas. The teenagers here become addicted to drugs, they indulge in wrongdoings like crime and hooliganism.

Q-14 What is meant by land degradation, what is the main reason responsible for it?

Answer- Land degradation refers to the temporary reduction in the productivity of the land for a short period of time. Reason (1) Soil erosion occurs due to deforestation, the upper fertile layer of the soil is removed. (2) Continuous taking of agricultural produce on the land also reduces the productivity of the land. To deal with this, keep adding natural fertilizers. (3) Continuous water logging and canal irrigation are also responsible for land degradation.

Q-15 On the basis of the process of land degradation, how many categories of degraded land can be kept, tell about each?

Answer- The process of land degradation can be kept in two categories:- (1) Earthquake by human activities:- It includes over-exploitation of land under agriculture, cutting of buns, excessive grazing and unreasonable mining work. (2) Natural causes: - duct erosion, water logging, erosion on steep slopes etc.