Class 12th Political Science Chapter 6th - Democratic Resurgence (2nd Book) Important questions

Class 12th Political Science Chapter 6th - Democratic Resurgence (2nd Book) Important questions | Class 12th Political Science Chapter 6 - The Crisis Of Democratic Order Most Important Questions and Answers - Abhishek Online Study

Question. In which election did the Congress give the slogan of Garibi Hatao?

Answer. in the 1971 election

Question. Which party ruled in Gujarat and Bihar in 1974?

Answer. congress

Question. Who led the railway strike of 1974?

Answer. George Fernandes

Question. Under whose leadership the Congress for Democracy Party was formed?

Answer. Jagjivan Ram

Question. How many seats did the Janata Party and its allies get out of the total 542 seats in the 1977 Lok Sabha elections?

Answer. 330

Question. Mention the ideology of Marxist-Leninist groups. By what new name were they known?

• Answer. Some groups in India did not believe in parliamentary politics.

• These groups took up arms and resorted to anti-state techniques to destroy the existing political system and capitalist system.

• This group is known as "Marxist Leninist" (Maoist) Naxalite

• Such groups were more active in West Bengal

Question. Describe any two problems faced by the Government of India after 1971-72?

• Answers. India's economy was heavily burdened during the Bangladesh crisis

• Because about 8 million people had come to India from East Pakistan, after the Indo-Pakistani war, America stopped giving all kinds of aid to India.

• As a result of the Arab-Israeli war, oil prices in the international market increased significantly.

• Inflation was increasing very fast in the country

Question. Discuss the student movement of Gujarat?

Answer. In January 1974, there was a student movement in Gujarat, protesting against the rising price of food, edible oil, other commodities, the movement against corruption. Political parties also joined the student movement.

President's rule was imposed in Gujarat, Opposition demanded re-conduct of state assembly elections, Morarji Desai asked to sit on hunger strike if elections were not held again, Congress lost the elections held in 1975

Question. Discuss the student movement of Bihar.

Answer. In March 1974, the student movement started in Bihar, the issue was rising prices, food shortage, unemployment, movement against corruption.

Students sent a call to Jai Prakash Narayan, he accepted his invitation and put two conditions

1) The movement will be non-violent

2) The movement will not be limited to Bihar only

People of all classes joined this movement.

• Jaiprakash Narayan demanded the dismissal of the Congress government of Bihar

• He called for total revolution in the socio-economic and political realm.

• in order to establish a true democracy

• There was continuous gherao, bandh and strike against Bihar government

• In the end the government refused to resign

Question.What is meant by the Bihar and Gujarat movements of 1974-75?

• The agitations in Bihar and Gujarat of 1974-75 were student-movements.

• Those who were against rising prices of food grains, edible oil and other essential commodities and continued corruption in high positions.

• The movement in Gujarat was supported by opposition parties.

• Whereas in Bihar the movement was led by Jai Prakash Narayan.

Question. When and who led the Parliament march? Explain in detail?

• In 1975, Jayaprakash Narayan led the public's march to Parliament

• Never before had such a big rally been held in the capital of the country.

• Jayaprakash Narayan is now known as Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Congress O, Bharatiya Lok Dal, Socialist Party

• Like got the support of non Congress parties

• These parties presented JP as an alternative to Indira Gandhi

Question. Describe any two consequences of the Naxalite movement?

• Naxalite movement forcibly snatched land from wealthy landowners and gave it to poor and landless people

• At present, about 75 districts of 9 states are affected by Naxal violence.

Question. Which litterateurs returned their titles in protest against the declaration of emergency?

• Kannada writer Shivaram Karanth honored with Padma Bhushan

• Padma Shri awardee Hindi writer Phanishwarnath 'Renu'

• returned their positions in protest against the suppression of democracy

Question. What are the consequences of emergency?

• Opposition leaders were put in jail

• Pickets, demonstrations and strikes were banned

• Censorship imposed on the press

• Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Jamaat-e-Islami banned

• Fundamental rights of citizens were nullified

• The government arrested several people under the Preventive Detention Act.

• Newspapers such as the Indian Express and the Statement would have left the news blank.

• Journals such as Seminar and Mainstream ceased publication

• Kannada writer Shivaram Karanth and Hindi writer Phanishwar Renu returned their titles to the government in protest against the Emergency.

Question. Was it mandatory to declare emergency in 1975? Support your answer with any three above arguments?

( Or )

Indira Gandhi had no other option but to present her arguments in favor and against this statement?

( Or )

Estimate the controversies related to the declaration of emergency of 1975?

( in favor of  )

Indira Gandhi felt that continuous protests and strikes by the opposition were not beneficial to democracy.

The opposition is preventing an elected government from functioning, according to them, the judiciary is also becoming a hindrance in the way of the government.

According to Indira, the disruptive forces were creating obstacles in the implementation of her Twenty Point Program.

The disruptive forces wanted to remove the government by unconstitutional means

On the basis of suitable arguments it can be said that Indira Gandhi had no way to deal with this situation except by proclamation of emergency.

(in opposition)

In a democracy, the people have the right to protest and protest against the government, the movement was non-violent and peaceful, so the government did not need to impose emergency.

The Ministry of Home Affairs had not expressed concern about law and order at that time.

There was no threat to the unity and integrity of the country, so instead of imposing emergency, the government

could have taken another route

On the basis of suitable arguments, it can be said that Indira Gandhi had other ways to deal with this situation than the declaration of emergency, so the decision of emergency was wrong.

Question. were the works done during the emergency?

• Opposition leaders were put in jail

• Pickets, demonstrations and strikes were banned

• Censorship imposed on the press

• Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Jamaat-e-Islami banned

• The twenty point program included works for the public good like land reforms, land redistribution, re-thinking on the wages of agricultural labourers, workers' participation in management, abolition of bonded labour, etc.

• Opponents were held captive under the Preventive Detention Act.

• The power of newspaper offices was cut by verbal order. Work like removal of slums and forced sterilization were done in Delhi.

Question. What were the important lessons learned from the Emergency?

Or

Explain any three lessons learned from the Emergency imposed in 1975.

Or

Describe any three points of weaknesses and strengths of Indian democracy exposed during the Emergency of 1975?

Or

How did the Emergency of 1975 benefit the democratic system of India?

The strengths and weaknesses of Indian democracy were exposed during the Emergency but soon functioning returned to the democratic path.

Thus it has been proved that it is very difficult to get democracy out of India.

The Emergency also revealed some semantic entanglements of the provisions of the Emergency described in the Constitution.

which were later rectified, now internal emergency can be imposed only in case of armed rebellion

For this it is also necessary that the Council of Ministers should give the advice of the declaration of emergency in writing to the President.

Emergency made every citizen more aware of his rights

After the end of the emergency, the courts played an active role in protecting the civil rights of the individual.

After the Emergency, many civil rights organizations also came into existence.

During the emergency, the ruling party used the police and administration as their political weapon.

These organizations could not function independently

If the government is unstable and there is discord within it, then voters give severe punishment to such a government? Explain this statement?

After the 1977 elections, the Janata Party government was formed, but there was no special coordination.

Opposition to Emergency could keep Janata Party united for only a few days

This party lacked any direction, leadership and any common program, due to which this government fell.

This proves that if the government is unstable and there is discord within it, then voters give severe punishment to such government.

Question. Which commission was set up to investigate the excesses during the Emergency? Explain the achievements of this commission?

The Shah Commission of Inquiry was set up to investigate the incidents during the Emergency, according to the Shah Commission of Inquiry, about one lakh eleven thousand people were arrested under the Preventive Detention Act. Illegal restrictions were imposed on the press.

According to the report of Shah Commission, the General Manager in Delhi Electricity Supply Corporation received an oral order from the office of the Governor of Delhi at 2:00 pm on 26 June 1975.

that the power supply of all newspapers be cut off

Persons like Sanjay Gandhi who did not hold any official position were found to be abusing government power.

He played an important role in the removal of slums and forced sterilization of people.

Emergency had a bad effect on the general public

As incidents of death and torture happened in police custody

Poor people were made desolate and resettled from one place to another

Question. What is meant by democratic revival?

The increasing participation of people in the democratic politics of the country is known as democratic revival.

There have been three democratic revivals in the history of independent India.

1950s to 1970s 1980s 1990s

From the 1950s to the 1970s - increasing participation of adult voters

In the 1980s – increasing participation of sc/st/obc voters

In the 1990s - increasing youth participation